From Our Bureau
13th April 2020
The Corona Virus (CPVID-19) pandemic situation continued to remain grim globally, with the confirmed cases across the world jumping to 17,73,084 and the death toll reaching 1,11,652 in the 213 affected countries and territories, according to the latest update from the World Health Organization (WHO).
Globally, European region continued to be the worst-hit, with 9,13,349 confirmed cases and 77,419 deaths. American region came next with 6,10,742 confirmed cases and 23,759 deaths. Western Pacific region’s tally stood at 1,21,426 confirmed cases and 4,125 deaths. Eastern Mediterranean region reported 99,713 confirmed cases and 5,107 deaths. South-East Asia region recorded 16,883 confirmed cases and 766 deaths and African region witnessed 10,259 confirmed cases and 464 deaths. WHO Risk Assessment at global level remained very high.
No new country/territory/area reported cases of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours. There is no evidence that the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) protects people against infection with COVID-19 virus. Two clinical trials addressing this question are underway, and WHO will evaluate the evidence when it is available. In the absence of evidence, WHO does not recommend BCG vaccination for the prevention of COVID-19.
At a media briefing on 13th April, WHO Director-General, Dr Tedros, said that “some countries and communities have now endured several weeks of social and economic restrictions. Some countries are considering when they can lift these restrictions; others are considering whether and when to introduce them. In both cases, these decisions must be based first and foremost on protecting human health, and guided by what we know about the virus and how it behaves.”
“Since the beginning, this has been an area of intense focus for WHO. As we have said many times before, this is a new virus, and the first pandemic caused by a coronavirus. We’re all learning all the time and adjusting our strategy, based on the latest available evidence. We can only say what we know, and we can only act on what we know.
“Evidence from several countries is giving us a clearer picture about this virus, how it behaves, how to stop it and how to treat it. We know that COVID-19 spreads fast, and we know that it is deadly – 10 times deadlier than the 2009 flu pandemic. We know that the virus can spread more easily in crowded environments like nursing homes. We know that early case-finding, testing, isolating caring for every case and tracing every contact is essential for stopping transmission.
“We know that in some countries, cases are doubling every 3 to 4 days. However, while COVID-19 accelerates very fast, it decelerates much more slowly. In other words, the way down is much slower than the way up. That means control measures must be lifted slowly, and with control. It cannot happen all at once. Control measures can only be lifted if the right public health measures are in place, including significant capacity for contact tracing.
“But while some countries are considering how to ease restrictions, others are considering whether to introduce them – especially many low- and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In countries with large poor populations, the stay-at-home orders and other restrictions used in some high-income countries may not be practical. Many poor people, migrants and refugees are already living in overcrowded conditions with few resources and little access to health care.
“How do you survive a lockdown when you depend on your daily labor to eat? News reports from around the world describe how many people are in danger of being left without access to food. Meanwhile, schools have closed for an estimated 1.4 billion children. This has halted their education, opened some to increased risk of abuse, and deprived many children of their primary source of food.
“As I have said many times, physical distancing restrictions are only part of the equation, and there are many other basic public health measures that need to be put in place. We also call on all countries to ensure that where stay-at-home measures are used, they must not be at the expense of human rights. Each government must assess their situation, while protecting all their citizens, and especially the most vulnerable.
“To support countries in making these decisions, WHO will be publishing its updated strategic advice. The new strategy summarizes what we’ve learned and charts the way forward. It includes six criteria for countries as they consider lifting restrictions: First, that transmission is controlled; Second, that health system capacities are in place to detect, test, isolate and treat every case and trace every contact; Third, that outbreak risks are minimized in special settings like health facilities and nursing homes; Fourth, that preventive measures are in place in workplaces, schools and other places where it’s essential for people to go; Fifth, that importation risks can be managed; And sixth, that communities are fully educated, engaged and empowered to adjust to the “new norm”.
“Every country should be implementing a comprehensive set of measures to slow down transmission and save lives, with the aim of reaching a steady state of low-level or no transmission. Countries must strike a balance between measures that address the mortality caused by COVID-19, and by other diseases due to overwhelmed health systems, as well as the social economic impacts.
“As the pandemic has spread, its public health and socio-economic impacts have been profound, and have disproportionately affected the vulnerable. Many populations have already experienced a lack of access to routine, essential health services. Our global connectivity means the risk of re-introduction and resurgence of the disease will continue.
Ultimately, the development and delivery of a safe and effective vaccine will be needed to fully interrupt transmission.
“Finally, I would like to thank the United Kingdom for its generous contribution of £200 million to the global response to COVID-19. We greatly appreciate this demonstration of global solidarity. Last week, development ministers from the UK, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Germany, Norway and Sweden called on all countries to join this common endeavour. They said that tackling this disease together is our only option. I couldn’t agree more. The way forward is solidarity: solidarity at the national level, and solidarity at the global level,” the WHO Director-General observed. (eom)
